{"id":8098,"date":"2022-06-09T06:56:12","date_gmt":"2022-06-09T06:56:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.booksofall.com\/vi\/?post_type=product&#038;p=8098"},"modified":"2022-06-09T06:56:12","modified_gmt":"2022-06-09T06:56:12","slug":"the-gay-cure-experiments-that-were-written-out-of-scientific-history","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/www.booksofall.com\/vi\/the-gay-cure-experiments-that-were-written-out-of-scientific-history\/","title":{"rendered":"The \u2018gay cure\u2019 experiments that were written out of scientific history"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4 id=\"standfirst\" class=\"article__standfirst\">Robert Heath claimed to have cured homosexuality by implanting electrodes into the pleasure centre of the brain. Robert Colvile reports on one of the great forgotten stories of neuroscience.<\/h4>\n<aside class=\"article__aside\">or the first hour, they just talked. He was nervous; he\u2019d never done this before. She was understanding, reassuring: let\u2019s just lie down on the bed together, she said, and see what happens. Soon, events took their course: they were enjoying themselves so much they could almost forget about the wires leading out of his skull.<\/p>\n<p>The year was 1970, and the man was a 24-year-old psychiatric patient. The woman, 21, was a prostitute from the French Quarter of New Orleans, hired by special permission of the attorney general of Louisiana. And they had just become part of one of the strangest experiments in scientific history: an attempt to use pleasure conditioning to turn a gay man straight.<\/p>\n<p>The patient \u2013 codenamed B-19 \u2013 was, according to the two academic papers that catalogued the course of the research, a \u201csingle, white male of unremarkable gestation and birth\u201d. He came from a military family and had had an unhappy childhood. He had, the papers said, entered the military but had been expelled for \u201chomosexual tendencies\u201d within a month. He had a five-year history of homosexuality, and a three-year history of drug abuse: he had tried glues, paints, thinners, sedatives, marijuana, LSD, amphetamines, even nutmeg and vanilla extract. He had temporal lobe epilepsy. He was depressive, suicidal, insecure, procrastinating, self-pitying and narcissistic. \u201cAll of his relationships,\u201d wrote his doctors, with an unsparing lack of sympathy, \u201chave been characterised by coercion, manipulation and demand.\u201d<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong><em>One of the strangest experiments in scientific history: an attempt to use pleasure conditioning to turn a gay man straight.<\/em><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>In 1970, B-19 ended up in the care of Robert Galbraith Heath, chair of the department of psychiatry and neurology at Tulane University, New Orleans. Heath\u2019s prescription was drastic. He and his team implanted stainless steel, Teflon-coated electrodes into nine separate regions of B-19\u2019s brain, with wires leading back out of his skull. Once he had recovered from the operation, a control box was attached which enabled him, under his doctors\u2019 supervision, to provide a one-second jolt to the brain area of his choice.<\/p>\n<h4>Reference:<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Robert Heath\u2019s 1954 book\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldcat.org\/title\/studies-in-schizophrenia-a-multidisciplinary-approach-to-mind-brain-relationships\/oclc\/38252971\"><em>Studies in Schizophrenia<\/em><\/a>\u00a0described some of his team\u2019s first work at Tulane.<\/li>\n<li>In a 1963 paper,\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/ajp.psychiatryonline.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1176\/ajp.120.6.571\">\u2018Electrical self-stimulation of the brain in man\u2019<\/a>, Heath described his treatment of two patients with epilepsy and narcolepsy.<\/li>\n<li>Heath\u2019s experiments on patient B-19 were described in a\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/0005791672900298\">pair<\/a>\u00a0of\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/journals.lww.com\/jonmd\/Abstract\/1972\/01000\/PLEASURE_AND_BRAIN_ACTIVITY_IN_MAN__Deep_and.2.aspx\">papers<\/a>\u00a0in 1972.<\/li>\n<li>Bill Rushton\u2019s 1974 article \u2018The mysterious experiments of Dr Heath (in which we wonder who is crazy and who is sane)\u2019, published in the\u00a0<em>Courier-Journal<\/em>, was a fierce critique of Heath\u2019s work.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/aside>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><iframe style=\"width: 100%; height: 750px; border: none;\" src=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/share\/book\/the-gay-cure-experiments-that-were-written-out-of-scientific-history-zcltgbyb6?enforceShowPromotionBar=true\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":8108,"template":"","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Intuitive online diagram maker - Learn how to add line breaks into shapes created using Visual Paradigm's free online diagram editor."},"product_brand":[],"product_cat":[15,175],"product_tag":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-8098","1":"product","2":"type-product","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"product_cat-all","7":"product_cat-science","9":"first","10":"instock","11":"shipping-taxable","12":"product-type-simple"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The \u2018gay cure\u2019 experiments that were written out of scientific history - BooksOfAll Vietnamese<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Intuitive online diagram maker - Learn how to add line breaks into shapes created using Visual Paradigm&#039;s free online diagram editor.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.booksofall.com\/vi\/the-gay-cure-experiments-that-were-written-out-of-scientific-history\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The \u2018gay cure\u2019 experiments that were written out of scientific history - 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