{"id":20068,"date":"2023-01-26T01:41:02","date_gmt":"2023-01-26T01:41:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.booksofall.com\/?post_type=product&p=20068"},"modified":"2023-02-07T08:41:42","modified_gmt":"2023-02-07T08:41:42","slug":"essential-bash","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/www.booksofall.com\/pt\/essential-bash\/","title":{"rendered":"Conquer the Command Line"},"content":{"rendered":"

It\u2019s not a throwback to the past, but a quick and powerful way of getting your Raspberry Pi<\/a> to do what you want, without all that RSI-inducing<\/a> menu chasing and icon clicking. The command-line interface was a great step up from manually toggling in your instructions in octal (base-8), using switches on the front of the machine! Graphical user interfaces (GUIs)<\/a> brought friendly visual metaphor<\/a> to the computer, losing some power and expressiveness. With the Raspberry Pi, you can get the best of both worlds by knowing both: after reading through this guide, you\u2019ll soon be as comfortable at the command prompt as you are at your desktop.<\/p>\n

Unlike some earlier versions of Raspbian<\/a>, Stretch boots you straight to a GUI, although you can change this behaviour in the settings. The command-line environment is still there: hold down the ALT+CTRL keys and press F1 (the first function key on the keyboard), and you\u2019ll arrive at a \u2018virtual console\u2019. Press ALT+F2 through to F6 and you\u2019ll find five further consoles waiting for you to log in.<\/p>\n

You can drop into these any time you like, but for now press ALT+F7 and you\u2019ll be back in mouse and menu land. The command line is also available through a program called a terminal emulator (often referred to as a term or xterm). You\u2019ll also find people referring to the shell, or Bash. Don\u2019t worry about that for now; just click on the icon at the top of the screen that looks like a black television screen, or go to Accessories>Terminal in the menu: the terminal now awaits your commands.<\/p>\n

If you\u2019re used to looking at files and folders in a file manager, try to clear your mind of the icons and concentrate on the names. Type ls and press RETURN (see \u2018Press Return\u2019 box). On a fresh Raspbian Stretch with Recommended Software install, you\u2019ll just see a few directories, including MagPi. Type ls MagPi (see \u2018Lazy Completion\u2019 box) and you\u2019ll see a listing of what\u2019s in it.<\/p>\n

Commands like ls are not cryptic (at least not intentionally) but they are terse, dating back to a time when the connection to the computer was over a 110 baud serial line, from an ASR 33 teletype terminal. If you think it\u2019s strange to be defined by 50-year-old technology, just remember that your QWERTY keyboard layout was reputedly designed both to stop mechanical typewriter keys jamming, and to enable salespeople to quickly type \u2018typewriter\u2019 using the top row!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"