{"id":9289,"date":"2022-06-15T06:55:50","date_gmt":"2022-06-15T06:55:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.booksofall.com\/pl\/?post_type=product&#038;p=9289"},"modified":"2022-06-15T06:57:50","modified_gmt":"2022-06-15T06:57:50","slug":"strep-a-bacteria-kill-half-a-million-a-year-why-dont-we-have-a-vaccine","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/www.booksofall.com\/pl\/strep-a-bacteria-kill-half-a-million-a-year-why-dont-we-have-a-vaccine\/","title":{"rendered":"Strep A bacteria kill half a million a year. Why don\u2019t we have a vaccine?"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4 id=\"standfirst\" class=\"article__standfirst\">Strep A is among the deadliest pathogens in the world \u2013 yet we\u2019ve never prioritised making a vaccine. Emily Sohn uncovers the cost of ignoring this problem, and meets those taking the fight to this silent killer.<\/h4>\n<aside class=\"article__aside\">\n<div class=\"article__aside__section article__share-buttons\" role=\"group\">\n<div class=\"paragraph paragraph--text\">\n<p>Looking back, Otto remembers struggling to breathe when he was as young as four. Exertion would make him cough, and the coughing fits would go on and on. Growing up in a family of eight children in a village in northern Uganda, he would try to run and play with other kids. But usually he ended up collapsing or needing to rest.<\/p>\n<p>At age ten, he passed out while riding a bus to a mill, where he was supposed to grind maize for his family. By the time he was a teenager, running 100 metres would wipe him out. His heart would race and he would sweat profusely. He was often dizzy.<\/p>\n<p>Over time, Otto sought medical help, and he received treatment \u2013 for both bronchitis and malaria. But he never really got better. Then in March 2017, a doctor took ultrasound images of his heart and finally gave him a diagnosis that explained everything: he had rheumatic heart disease \u2013 an irreversible illness caused by group A\u00a0<em>Streptococcus<\/em>\u00a0bacteria. He was 22.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"paragraph paragraph--text\">\n<p>\u201cAll of those years, I suffered a lot of pain, stopping me from playing games, kicking the football, running and so on,\u201d says Otto, now a 24-year-old schoolteacher in the Ugandan city of Gulu. \u201cThe condition stopped me from playing like people play.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Group A strep, or strep A, ranks among the most destructive pathogens on Earth, rivalling malaria parasites, tuberculosis bacteria and HIV. In high-income countries, it\u2019s normally associated with the knife-swallowing pain of strep throat, a nuisance that is often cleared with antibiotics. But in lower-income countries, infection is more common and people are less likely to receive effective treatment. Repeated and untreated infections can then lead to rheumatic heart disease, which causes the heart valves to leak.<\/p>\n<p>Rheumatic heart disease used to be a common cause of death in the West, often striking when people were in their early 20s. It has now been largely eradicated in Europe and North America, thanks in part to the regular use of antibiotics. But the disease still hits hard elsewhere, affecting more than 33 million people globally and killing around 300,000 each year. Taking into account other, invasive conditions caused by strep A \u2013 such as streptococcal toxic shock syndrome, sepsis\u2060 and \u2018flesh-eating\u2019 necrotising fasciitis \u2013 strep A\u2019s annual death toll stands at over half a million.<\/p>\n<h4>Reference:<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>The US Centers for Disease Control have an array of information about strep A\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/groupastrep\/index.html\">on their website<\/a>, including a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/groupastrep\/diseases-public\/rheumatic-fever.html\">section on rheumatic fever<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>The\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/advance-article\/doi\/10.1093\/cid\/ciy1143\/5280612?rss=1\">WHO\u2019s roadmap for creating a strep A vaccine<\/a>\u00a0has been pre-published in the journal\u00a0<em>Clinical Infectious Diseases<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li>This\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/27032515\">2016 article<\/a>\u00a0by Andrew Steer and colleagues outlines the status of research and development for strep A vaccines.<\/li>\n<li>In 2016, James Dale and colleagues released this\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK333413\/\">overview<\/a>\u00a0of the approaches being taken in strep A vaccine development.<\/li>\n<li>This\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/28834488\">2017 article<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 whose coauthors include Andrea Beaton, Craig Sable and Andrew Steer \u2013 looks at the global, regional\u00a0and national burden of rheumatic heart disease from 1990 to 2015.<\/li>\n<li>This\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.giftoflifeinternational.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/November-2017-Uganda-RHD-Mission-Report-reduced-file.pdf\">report<\/a>\u00a0provides an overview of the training offered by Children\u2019s National to the Uganda Heart Institute during the project that saw Otto receive his surgery. [PDF]<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/aside>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><iframe style=\"width: 100%; height: 750px; border: none;\" src=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/share\/book\/strep-a-bacteria-kill-half-a-million-a-year-why-dont-we-have-a-vaccine-zl6hxpd4g?enforceShowPromotionBar=true\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":9335,"template":"","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Here is how you can improve your content marketing with flipbooks like this. Create your own flipbook now!"},"product_brand":[],"product_cat":[15,219],"product_tag":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-9289","1":"product","2":"type-product","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"product_cat-all","7":"product_cat-biology","9":"first","10":"instock","11":"shipping-taxable","12":"product-type-simple"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Strep A bacteria kill half a million a year. Why don\u2019t we have a vaccine? - BooksOfAll Polish<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Here is how you can improve your content marketing with flipbooks like this. 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