{"id":22549,"date":"2023-02-27T07:26:56","date_gmt":"2023-02-27T07:26:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.booksofall.com\/id\/?post_type=product&#038;p=22549"},"modified":"2023-02-27T07:26:57","modified_gmt":"2023-02-27T07:26:57","slug":"r-programming","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/www.booksofall.com\/id\/r-programming\/","title":{"rendered":"R Programming"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><span id=\"What_is_R_?\" class=\"mw-headline\">What is R ?<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>R is statistical software which is used for data analysis. It includes a huge number of statistical procedures such as t-test, chi-square tests, standard linear models, instrumental variables estimation, local polynomial regressions, etc. It also provides high-level graphics capabilities. There are a few minor similarities between R and C programming languages, but they both run in different ways.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"Why_use_R.3F\"><\/span><span id=\"Why_use_R?\" class=\"mw-headline\">Why use R?<\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>R is\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"w:Free software\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Free_software\">free software<\/a>. R is an official GNU project and distributed under the\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"w:Free Software Foundation\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Free_Software_Foundation\">Free Software Foundation<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"w:General Public License\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/General_Public_License\">General Public License<\/a>\u00a0(GPL).<\/li>\n<li>R is a powerful data-analysis package with many standard and cutting-edge statistical functions. See the Comprehensive R Archive Network (CRAN)&#8217;s\u00a0<a class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/cran.r-project.org\/web\/views\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">Task Views<\/a>\u00a0to get an idea of what you can do with R.<\/li>\n<li>R is a programming language, so its abilities can easily be extended through the use of user-defined functions. A large collection of user-contributed functions and packages can be found in CRAN&#8217;s\u00a0<a class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/cran.r-project.org\/web\/packages\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">Contributed Packages<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>R is widely used in political science, statistics, econometrics, actuarial sciences, sociology, finance, etc.<\/li>\n<li>R is available for all major operating systems (Windows, Mac OS, GNU-Linux).<\/li>\n<li>R is\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"w:Object-oriented programming\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Object-oriented_programming\">object-oriented<\/a>. Virtually anything (e.g., complex data structures) can be stored as an R object.<\/li>\n<li>R is a matrix language.<\/li>\n<li>R syntax is much more systematic than\u00a0<a title=\"Stata\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikibooks.org\/wiki\/Stata\">Stata<\/a>\u00a0or\u00a0<a title=\"SAS\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikibooks.org\/wiki\/SAS\">SAS<\/a>\u00a0syntax.<\/li>\n<li>R can be installed on your USB stick.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span id=\"Alternatives_to_R\" class=\"mw-headline\">Alternatives to R<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a class=\"extiw\" title=\"w:S-PLUS\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/S-PLUS\">S-PLUS<\/a>\u00a0is a commercial version of the same\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"w:S (programming language)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/S_(programming_language)\">S programming language<\/a>\u00a0that R is a free version of.<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"extiw\" title=\"w:Gretl\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gretl\">Gretl<\/a>\u00a0is free software for econometrics. It has a graphical user interface and is nice for beginners.<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Using SPSS and PASW\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikibooks.org\/wiki\/Using_SPSS_and_PASW\">SPSS<\/a>\u00a0is proprietary software which is often used in sociology, psychology and marketing. It is known to be easy to use.<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"extiw\" title=\"w:PSPP\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PSPP\">GNU PSPP<\/a>\u00a0is a free-software alternative to SPSS.<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"SAS\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikibooks.org\/wiki\/SAS\">SAS<\/a>\u00a0is proprietary software that can be used with very large datasets such as census data.<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Stata\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikibooks.org\/wiki\/Stata\">Stata<\/a>\u00a0is proprietary software that is often used in economics and epidemiology.<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Introducing Julia\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikibooks.org\/wiki\/Introducing_Julia\">Julia<\/a>\u00a0is a general programming language, with capabilities similar to MATLAB, R and Python (and speed of C), and can call libraries from all those.<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"MATLAB Programming\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikibooks.org\/wiki\/MATLAB_Programming\">MATLAB<\/a>\u00a0is proprietary software used widely in the mathematical sciences and engineering.<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Octave Programming Tutorial\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikibooks.org\/wiki\/Octave_Programming_Tutorial\">Octave<\/a>\u00a0is free software similar to MATLAB. The syntax is the same and MATLAB code can be used in Octave.<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Python\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikibooks.org\/wiki\/Python\">Python<\/a>\u00a0is a general programming language. It includes some specific libraries for data analysis such as Pandas<sup id=\"cite_ref-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikibooks.org\/wiki\/R_Programming\/Print_version#cite_note-2\">[2]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0\u00b7<sup id=\"cite_ref-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikibooks.org\/wiki\/R_Programming\/Print_version#cite_note-3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Beginners can have a look at\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"w:PSPP\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PSPP\">GNU PSPP<\/a>\u00a0or\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"w:Gretl\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gretl\">Gretl<\/a>. Intermediate users can check out\u00a0<a title=\"Stata\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikibooks.org\/wiki\/Stata\">Stata<\/a>. Advanced users who like matrix programming may prefer\u00a0<a title=\"MATLAB Programming\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikibooks.org\/wiki\/MATLAB_Programming\">MATLAB<\/a>\u00a0or\u00a0<a title=\"Octave Programming Tutorial\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikibooks.org\/wiki\/Octave_Programming_Tutorial\">Octave<\/a>. Very advanced users may use\u00a0<a title=\"R Programming\/Using C or Fortran\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikibooks.org\/wiki\/R_Programming\/Using_C_or_Fortran\">C or Fortran<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><iframe style=\"width: 100%; height: 700px; border: none;\" src=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/share\/book\/r-programming-print-version-19sfnjdoaw?enforceShowPromotionBar=true&amp;p=1\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":22553,"template":"","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":""},"product_brand":[],"product_cat":[367],"product_tag":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-22549","1":"product","2":"type-product","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"product_cat-r","8":"first","9":"instock","10":"shipping-taxable","11":"product-type-simple"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>R Programming - 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