{"id":6506,"date":"2022-05-30T03:17:01","date_gmt":"2022-05-30T03:17:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.booksofall.com\/de\/?post_type=product&#038;p=6506"},"modified":"2022-06-15T03:27:42","modified_gmt":"2022-06-15T03:27:42","slug":"uml-lecture-uml-class-diagrams","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/www.booksofall.com\/de\/uml-lecture-uml-class-diagrams\/","title":{"rendered":"UML Lecture: UML Class Diagrams"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>In\u00a0<a title=\"Software engineering\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Software_engineering\">software engineering<\/a>, a\u00a0<b>class diagram<\/b>\u00a0in the\u00a0<a title=\"Unified Modeling Language\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Unified_Modeling_Language\">Unified Modeling Language<\/a>\u00a0(UML) is a type of static structure diagram that describes the structure of a system by showing the system&#8217;s\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Class (computer science)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Class_(computer_science)\">classes<\/a>, their attributes, operations (or methods), and the relationships among objects.<\/p>\n<p>The class diagram is the main building block of\u00a0<a title=\"Object-oriented programming\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Object-oriented_programming\">object-oriented<\/a>\u00a0modeling. It is used for general\u00a0<a title=\"Conceptual model\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Conceptual_model\">conceptual modeling<\/a>\u00a0of the structure of the application, and for detailed modeling, translating the models into\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Programming code\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Programming_code\">programming code<\/a>. Class diagrams can also be used for\u00a0<a title=\"Data modeling\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Data_modeling\">data modeling<\/a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Class_diagram#cite_note-1\">[1]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0The classes in a class diagram represent both the main elements, interactions in the application, and the classes to be programmed.<\/p>\n<p>In the diagram, classes are represented with boxes that contain three compartments:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The top compartment contains the name of the class. It is printed in bold and centered, and the first letter is capitalized.<\/li>\n<li>The middle compartment contains the attributes of the class. They are left-aligned and the first letter is lowercase.<\/li>\n<li>The bottom compartment contains the operations the class can execute. They are also left-aligned and the first letter is lowercase.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>In the design of a system, a number of classes are identified and grouped together in a class diagram that helps to determine the static relations between them. In detailed modeling, the classes of the conceptual design are often split into subclasses.<\/p>\n<p>In order to further describe the behavior of systems, these class diagrams can be complemented by a\u00a0<a title=\"State diagram\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/State_diagram\">state diagram<\/a>\u00a0or\u00a0<a title=\"UML state machine\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UML_state_machine\">UML state machine<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"Relationships\" class=\"mw-headline\">Relationships<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>A relationship is a general term covering the specific types of logical connections found on class and object diagrams. UML defines the following relationships:<\/p>\n<h4><span id=\"Instance-level_relationships\" class=\"mw-headline\">Instance-level relationships\u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\n<h5><span id=\"Dependency\" class=\"mw-headline\">Dependency\u00a0<\/span><\/h5>\n<p>A\u00a0<i><a title=\"Dependency (UML)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dependency_(UML)\">dependency<\/a><\/i>\u00a0is a type of association where there is a semantic connection between dependent and independent model elements.<sup id=\"cite_ref-6\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup>\u00a0It exists between two elements if changes to the definition of one element (the server or target) may cause changes to the other (the client or source). This association is uni-directional. A dependency is displayed as a dashed line with an open arrow that points from the client to the supplier.<\/p>\n<h5><span id=\"Association\" class=\"mw-headline\">Association<\/span><\/h5>\n<p>An\u00a0<i><a title=\"Association (object-oriented programming)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Association_(object-oriented_programming)\">association<\/a><\/i>\u00a0represents a family of links. A binary association (with two ends) is normally represented as a line. An association can link any number of classes. An association with three links is called a ternary association. An association can be named, and the ends of an association can be adorned with role names, ownership indicators, multiplicity, visibility, and other properties.<br \/>\nThere are four different types of association: bi-directional, uni-directional, aggregation (includes composition aggregation) and reflexive. Bi-directional and uni-directional associations are the most common ones.<br \/>\nFor instance, a flight class is associated with a plane class bi-directionally. Association represents the static relationship shared among the objects of two classes.<\/p>\n<h5><span id=\"Aggregation\" class=\"mw-headline\">Aggregation<\/span><\/h5>\n<p><i><a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Aggregation (object-oriented programming)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aggregation_(object-oriented_programming)\">Aggregation<\/a><\/i>\u00a0is a variant of the \u201chas a\u201d association relationship; aggregation is more specific than association. It is an association that represents a part-whole or part-of relationship. As shown in the image, a Professor \u2018has a\u2019 class to teach. As a type of association, an aggregation can be named and have the same adornments that an association can. However, an aggregation may not involve more than two classes; it must be a binary association. Furthermore, there is hardly a difference between aggregations and associations during implementation, and the diagram may skip aggregation relations altogether.<sup id=\"cite_ref-7\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup><\/p>\n<p><i>Aggregation<\/i>\u00a0can occur when a class is a collection or container of other classes, but the contained classes do not have a strong\u00a0<i>lifecycle dependency<\/i>\u00a0on the container. The contents of the container still exist when the container is destroyed.<\/p>\n<p>In\u00a0<a title=\"Unified Modeling Language\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Unified_Modeling_Language\">UML<\/a>, it is graphically represented as a\u00a0<i>hollow<\/i>\u00a0<a title=\"Rhombus\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rhombus\">diamond shape<\/a>\u00a0on the containing class with a single line that connects it to the contained class. The aggregate is semantically an extended object that is treated as a unit in many operations, although physically it is made of several lesser objects.<\/p>\n<p>Example: Library and Students. Here the student can exist without library, the relation between student and library is aggregation.<\/p>\n<h5><span id=\"Composition\" class=\"mw-headline\">Composition<\/span><\/h5>\n<p>The UML representation of a composition relationship shows composition as a\u00a0<i>filled<\/i>\u00a0diamond shape on the containing class end of the lines that connect contained class(es) to the containing class.<\/p>\n<h5><span id=\"Differences_between_Composition_and_Aggregation\" class=\"mw-headline\">Differences between Composition and Aggregation\u00a0<\/span><\/h5>\n<dl>\n<dt>\n<h6>Composition relationship<\/h6>\n<\/dt>\n<dd>1. When attempting to represent real-world whole-part relationships, e.g. an engine is a part of a car.<\/dd>\n<dd>2. When the container is destroyed, the contents are also destroyed, e.g. a university and its departments.<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<dl>\n<dt>\n<h6>Aggregation relationship<\/h6>\n<\/dt>\n<dd>1. When representing a software or database relationship, e.g. car model engine ENG01 is part of a car model CM01, as the engine, ENG01, maybe also part of a different car model.<sup id=\"cite_ref-8\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup><\/dd>\n<dd>2. When the container is destroyed, the contents are usually not destroyed, e.g. a professor has students; when the professor dies the students do not die along with him.<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<p>Thus the aggregation relationship is often \u201ccatalog\u201d containment to distinguish it from composition\u2019s \u201cphysical\u201d containment.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><iframe style=\"width: 100%; height: 480px; border: none;\" src=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/share\/book\/uml-lecture--uml-class-diagrams-yy3ennelp?enforceShowPromotionBar=true\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":6509,"template":"","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"In software engineering, a class diagram in the Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a type of static structure diagram."},"product_brand":[],"product_cat":[213],"product_tag":[201],"class_list":{"0":"post-6506","1":"product","2":"type-product","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"product_cat-computer-uml","7":"product_tag-lecture-notes","9":"first","10":"instock","11":"shipping-taxable","12":"product-type-simple"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - 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