{"id":12366,"date":"2022-07-06T08:24:30","date_gmt":"2022-07-06T08:24:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.booksofall.com\/de\/?post_type=product&p=12366"},"modified":"2022-07-06T08:41:53","modified_gmt":"2022-07-06T08:41:53","slug":"home-gardening-in-south-asia-the-complete-handbook","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/www.booksofall.com\/de\/home-gardening-in-south-asia-the-complete-handbook\/","title":{"rendered":"Home Gardening In South Asia – The Complete Handbook"},"content":{"rendered":"

Why is home gardening needed?<\/h4>\n

The<\/span> National<\/span> Nutrition<\/span> Survey<\/span> of<\/span> 1981-82<\/span> revealed<\/span> that<\/span> in<\/span> Bangladesh<\/a> <\/span>the<\/span> average<\/span> intake<\/span> of<\/span> vitamin<\/span> A<\/span><\/a> was<\/span> only<\/span> 38%<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> recommended<\/span> daily <\/span>amount,<\/span> and<\/span> that<\/span> 88%<\/span> of<\/span> families<\/span> consumed<\/span> even<\/span> less<\/span> than<\/span> that. That <\/span>survey<\/span> also<\/span> revealed<\/span> that<\/span> vegetables<\/span> were<\/span> the<\/span> main<\/span> source<\/span> of<\/span> vitamin<\/span> A <\/span>in<\/span> the<\/span> diet.<\/span> The<\/span> National<\/span> Nutritional<\/span> Blindness Prevalence<\/span> Survey<\/span> (NNBP) <\/span>conducted<\/span> in<\/span> 1982-83<\/span> found<\/span> that<\/span> only<\/span> 13%<\/span> of<\/span> children<\/span> under<\/span> 5<\/span> ate <\/span>vegetables.<\/span> The<\/span> main<\/span> responses<\/span> for<\/span> not<\/span> eating<\/span> vegetables<\/span> was<\/span> stated<\/span> to <\/span>be<\/span> either<\/span> non-availability<\/span> or<\/span> high<\/span> cost.<\/span> The<\/span> reasons<\/span> for the<\/span> low<\/span> consumption <\/span>of<\/span> vitamin<\/span> A<\/span> would<\/span> therefore<\/span> seem<\/span> to<\/span> be<\/span> not<\/span> only<\/span> poor<\/span> availability<\/span> of<\/span>
vitamin<\/span> A<\/span> rich<\/span> vegetables,<\/span> but<\/span> also<\/span> the<\/span> prohibitive<\/span> cost<\/span> of<\/span> those<\/span> vegetables <\/span>which<\/span> are<\/span> available.<\/span> In<\/span> addition,<\/span> a<\/span> general<\/span> lack<\/span> of<\/span> awareness<\/span> about<\/span> the <\/span>importance<\/span> of<\/span> vitamin<\/span> A<\/span> in<\/span> the diet<\/span> adds<\/span> further<\/span> constraints<\/span> to<\/span> vegetable <\/span>intake.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bangladesh<\/span> does<\/span> not<\/span> produce<\/span> enough<\/span> vegetables<\/span> to<\/span> meet<\/span> the<\/span> needs<\/span> of <\/span>the<\/span> population:<\/span> it is<\/span> estimated<\/span> that<\/span> local<\/span> production<\/span> meets<\/span> only<\/span> 25%<\/span> of <\/span>total<\/span> requirements.<\/span> Therefore,<\/span> it<\/span> follows<\/span> that<\/span> vegetable<\/span> production<\/span> falls <\/span>far<\/span> short<\/span> of<\/span> meeting<\/span> the<\/span> optimum<\/span> nutritional<\/span> need.<\/span> The<\/span> present<\/span> daily <\/span>consumption<\/span> is<\/span> about<\/span> 30<\/span> gm<\/span> per<\/span> person although<\/span> the<\/span> average<\/span> adult<\/span> requires <\/span>at<\/span> least<\/span> 200<\/span> gin. <\/span><\/p>\n

About<\/span> 10%<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> 14<\/span> million<\/span> homes<\/span> in<\/span> Bangladesh<\/span> have<\/span> an<\/span> average<\/span> area <\/span>of<\/span> 810<\/span> square meters.<\/span> There<\/span> is<\/span> considerable<\/span> fallow<\/span> land<\/span> around the<\/span> homes <\/span>which<\/span> can<\/span> be<\/span> used<\/span> for<\/span> vegetable<\/span> production.<\/span> By<\/span> establishing<\/span> a<\/span> home <\/span><\/a>garden<\/a>,<\/span> a<\/span> marginal<\/span> or<\/span> poor<\/span> family<\/span> can<\/span> grow<\/span> enough<\/span> vegetables<\/span> for<\/span> its <\/span>consumption<\/span> and<\/span> also<\/span> be<\/span> left<\/span> with<\/span> a<\/span> surplus<\/span> to<\/span> sell<\/span> at<\/span> the<\/span> local<\/span> market <\/span>for<\/span> generating<\/span> additional<\/span> family<\/span> income.<\/span> Experiments conducted<\/span> in<\/span> Thailand <\/span>and<\/span> Taiwan<\/span> by<\/span> the<\/span> Asian<\/span> Vegetable<\/span> Research<\/span> Development<\/span> Center<\/span><\/p>\n

(AVRDC)<\/span> have<\/span> shown<\/span> that<\/span> it<\/span> is<\/span> possible<\/span> for<\/span> small<\/span> gardens<\/span> to<\/span> produce <\/span>enough<\/span> foods<\/span> rich<\/span> in<\/span> vitamin<\/span> A<\/span> (among<\/span> other<\/span> nutrients)<\/span> to<\/span> meet<\/span> the <\/span>family’s<\/span> requirements.<\/span> The<\/span> NNBP<\/span> found<\/span> that<\/span> families<\/span> with<\/span> home<\/span> gardens <\/span>were<\/span> less<\/span> at<\/span> risk<\/span> of<\/span> xerophthalmia<\/span> and<\/span> other<\/span> problems<\/span> associated<\/span> with <\/span>vitamin<\/span> A<\/span> deficiency.<\/span><\/p>\n

In<\/span> the<\/span> long<\/span> term,<\/span> home<\/span> gardening<\/span> can<\/span> play<\/span> a<\/span> vital<\/span> role<\/span> in<\/span> the<\/span> prevention <\/span>of<\/span> nutritional<\/span> blindness<\/span> in<\/span> Bangladesh.<\/span> It<\/span> is<\/span> also<\/span> a<\/span> familiar,<\/span> traditional <\/span>concept<\/span> to<\/span> people<\/span> in<\/span> the<\/span> rural<\/span> areas<\/span> of<\/span> Bangladesh.<\/span><\/p>\n

What is the situation regarding Vitamin a deficiency in Bangladesh?<\/h4>\n

In<\/span> Bangladesh,<\/span> the<\/span> prevalence<\/span> of<\/span> night<\/span> blindness<\/span><\/a> due<\/span> to<\/span> vitamin<\/span> A <\/span>deficiency<\/span> is<\/span> 3.2%,<\/span> which<\/span> is<\/span> well<\/span> above<\/span> the World<\/a><\/span> Health<\/span> Organization <\/span>(WHO)<\/span><\/a> criteria<\/span> for<\/span> a<\/span> major<\/span> public<\/span> health<\/span> problem.<\/span> More<\/span> than<\/span> a<\/span> million <\/span>children<\/span> have<\/span> visible<\/span> signs<\/span> of<\/span> vitamin<\/span> A<\/span> deficiency<\/span> and<\/span> about<\/span> half<\/span> a <\/span>million<\/span> children<\/span> under<\/span> 6<\/span> are<\/span> suffering<\/span> from <\/span>nigh blindness.<\/span> 30,000<\/span> children <\/span>go<\/span> blind<\/span> every<\/span> year<\/span> and almost half<\/span> of them<\/span> die<\/span> within<\/span> a<\/span> year<\/span> of<\/span> becoming <\/span>blind.<\/span> Moreover,<\/span> a<\/span> child<\/span> deficient<\/span> in<\/span> vitamin<\/span> A<\/span> faces<\/span> higher<\/span> risks<\/span> of <\/span>morbidity<\/span> and<\/span> mortality<\/span> than<\/span> a<\/span> healthy<\/span> child.<\/span> One<\/span> of<\/span> the primary<\/span> causes <\/span>of<\/span> the<\/span> high<\/span> level<\/span> of<\/span> vitamin A<\/span> deficiency<\/span> is<\/span> the<\/span> low<\/span> intake<\/span> of<\/span> vegetables.<\/span><\/p>\n

The<\/span> United<\/span> Nations<\/span> World<\/span> Summit<\/span> for<\/span> Children<\/span> and the<\/span> WHO\/UNICEF <\/a><\/span>conference<\/span> on<\/span> “Ending<\/span> Hidden<\/span> Hunger”<\/span> called<\/span> for<\/span> a<\/span> reduction<\/span> in<\/span> child <\/span>blindness,<\/span> morbidity <\/span>and<\/span> mortality<\/span> by<\/span> the worldwide<\/span> control<\/span> or<\/span> elimination <\/span>of<\/span> vitamin<\/span> A<\/span> deficiency.<\/span><\/p>\n

What is the present status of home gardening in Bangladesh?<\/h4>\n

There<\/span> are<\/span> much<\/span> higher<\/span> levels<\/span> of<\/span> production<\/span> and<\/span> consumption<\/span> of<\/span> cereal <\/span>crops<\/span> (mainly<\/span> rice)<\/span> than<\/span> of<\/span> horticultural<\/span> crops<\/span> (vegetables<\/span> and<\/span> fruit)<\/span> in <\/span>Bangladesh. Despite<\/span> the<\/span> opportunities<\/span> for<\/span> home<\/span> gardening,<\/span> home<\/span> production <\/span>remains<\/span> a<\/span> low<\/span> priority<\/span> in<\/span> agricultural<\/span> development. <\/span><\/p>\n

A<\/span> number<\/span> of<\/span> Governmental Organizations<\/span> (GOs)<\/span> and<\/span> Non-Governmental <\/span>Organizations<\/span> (NGOs)<\/span><\/a> are<\/span> already<\/span> encouraging<\/span> the<\/span> development<\/span> of<\/span> home <\/span>gardening<\/span> in<\/span> some<\/span> parts<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> country.<\/span> However,<\/span> coverage<\/span> of<\/span> high-risk <\/span>areas<\/span> is<\/span> thin<\/span> and patchy.<\/span> Around<\/span> 100<\/span> organizations<\/span> are<\/span> presently<\/span> involved <\/span>in<\/span> some<\/span> way<\/span> in<\/span> home<\/span> gardening<\/span> activities.<\/span> Twenty<\/span> of<\/span> these<\/span> organizations <\/span>are<\/span> working<\/span> on<\/span> different<\/span> aspects<\/span> of<\/span> home<\/span> gardening<\/span> management.<\/span> Some <\/span>organizations<\/span> are<\/span> providing<\/span> training<\/span> in<\/span> home<\/span> gardening<\/span> and<\/span> nutrition\/health <\/span>education<\/span> and<\/span> promoting<\/span> low-cost<\/span> inputs.<\/span> Most<\/span> organizations<\/span> encourage <\/span>the<\/span> participation<\/span> of<\/span> women.<\/span><\/p>\n

What is the role of the participants in home gardening programs?<\/h4>\n

Planners<\/span> and<\/span> program managers<\/span> have<\/span> various approaches<\/span> to<\/span> home<\/span> gardening <\/span>promotion.<\/span> This<\/span> handbook<\/span> is<\/span> based<\/span> on<\/span> the<\/span> knowledge<\/span> that<\/span> in<\/span> order<\/span> to <\/span>develop<\/span> suitable<\/span> and<\/span> adaptable<\/span> technology, community<\/span> knowledge<\/span> as<\/span> well <\/span>as<\/span> scientific<\/span> knowledge<\/span> is<\/span> essential.<\/span> The<\/span> handbook<\/span> recognizes<\/span> that<\/span> the <\/span>home<\/span> gardeners<\/span> are<\/span> the<\/span> ultimate<\/span> decision<\/span> makers.<\/span> Scientific<\/span> knowledge <\/span>and experiments<\/span> should<\/span> be<\/span> used<\/span> according to<\/span> the<\/span> needs<\/span> of<\/span> home<\/span> gardeners <\/span>and<\/span> their<\/span> ability<\/span> to<\/span> apply<\/span> such <\/span>knowledge.<\/span><\/p>\n

A<\/span> successful<\/span> home<\/span> gardening<\/span> program<\/span> should<\/span> be<\/span> implemented<\/span> across<\/span> the <\/span>board,<\/span> involving<\/span> managers,<\/span> extension<\/span> workers\/agents<\/span> and<\/span> community <\/span>members.<\/span> To<\/span> allow<\/span> for<\/span> the<\/span> proper<\/span> transfer<\/span> of<\/span> technology<\/span> at<\/span> different levels, the handbook is targeted at the various levels in a home gardening project. Experience gained from different home gardening projects, rather than rigid principles, was used in developing this handbook. It is intended to be a flexible tool for home gardening practice, which can be adapted to local situations.<\/span><\/p>\n

Why is this home gardening handbook needed?<\/h4>\n

A<\/span> number<\/span> of<\/span> organizations,<\/span> with<\/span> differing<\/span> objectives,<\/span> are<\/span> working<\/span> in<\/span> the <\/span>field<\/span> of<\/span> home<\/span> gardening.<\/span> Some<\/span> are<\/span> focusing<\/span> not<\/span> on<\/span> vitamin<\/span> A but<\/span> on <\/span>other<\/span> issues<\/span> such<\/span> as<\/span> income<\/span> generation,<\/span> credit<\/span> programs<\/span> or<\/span> social activities. <\/span>Different<\/span> levels<\/span> of<\/span> field<\/span> staff<\/span> are<\/span> working<\/span> in<\/span> this<\/span> area.<\/span> Those<\/span> who<\/span> are <\/span>involved<\/span> in<\/span> transferring<\/span> technology<\/span> at<\/span> different<\/span> levels<\/span> will<\/span> understand<\/span> the <\/span>need<\/span> to<\/span> implement<\/span> successful<\/span> home<\/span> gardening<\/span> programs. <\/span><\/p>\n

This<\/span> book<\/span> is<\/span> based<\/span> primarily<\/span> on<\/span> the<\/span> lessons<\/span> which<\/span> Helen<\/span> Keller<\/span> International <\/span>Bangladesh<\/span> (HKI)<\/span> <\/a>has<\/span> learned<\/span> from<\/span> its<\/span> experience<\/span> in<\/span> different<\/span> home <\/span>gardening<\/span> projects.<\/span> It<\/span> attempts<\/span> to cover<\/span> the<\/span> important<\/span> aspects<\/span> and<\/span> basic <\/span>requirements<\/span> of<\/span> home<\/span> gardening.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"